39 research outputs found
Design Principles of Pancreatic Islets: Glucose-dependent Coordination of Hormone Pulses
Pancreatic islets are functional units involved in glucose homeostasis. The
multicellular system comprises three main cell types; and
cells reciprocally decrease and increase blood glucose by producing insulin and
glucagon pulses, while the role of cells is less clear. Although their
spatial organization and the paracrine/autocrine interactions between them have
been extensively studied, the functional implications of the design principles
are still lacking. In this study, we formulated a mathematical model that
integrates the pulsatility of hormone secretion and the interactions and
organization of islet cells and examined the effects of different cellular
compositions and organizations in mouse and human islets. A common feature of
both species was that islet cells produced synchronous hormone pulses under
low- and high- glucose conditions, while they produced asynchronous hormone
pulses under normal glucose conditions. However, the synchronous coordination
of insulin and glucagon pulses at low glucose was more pronounced in human
islets that had more cells. When cells were selectively
removed to mimic diabetic conditions, the anti-synchronicity of insulin and
glucagon pulses was deteriorated at high glucose, but it could be partially
recovered when the re-aggregation of remaining cells was considered. Finally,
the third cell type, cells, which introduced additional complexity in
the multicellular system, prevented the excessive synchronization of hormone
pulses. Our computational study suggests that controllable synchronization is a
design principle of pancreatic islets.Comment: 24 pages, 7 figure
Spin Resistivity in the Frustrated Model
We study in this paper the resistivity encountered by Ising itinerant spins
traveling in the so-called frustrated simple cubic Ising lattice. For
the lattice, we take into account the interactions between nearest-neighbors
and next-nearest-neighbors, and respectively. Itinerant spins
interact with lattice spins via a distance-dependent interaction. We also take
into account an interaction between itinerant spins. The lattice is frustrated
in a range of in which we show that it undergoes a very strong
first-order transition. Using Monte Carlo simulation, we calculate the
resistivity of the itinerant spins and show that the first-order
transition of the lattice causes a discontinuity of .Comment: submitted for publicatio
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Design Principles of Pancreatic Islets: Glucose-Dependent Coordination of Hormone Pulses
Pancreatic islets are functional units involved in glucose homeostasis. The multicellular system comprises three main cell types; β and α cells reciprocally decrease and increase blood glucose by producing insulin and glucagon pulses, while the role of δ cells is less clear. Although their spatial organization and the paracrine/autocrine interactions between them have been extensively studied, the functional implications of the design principles are still lacking. In this study, we formulated a mathematical model that integrates the pulsatility of hormone secretion and the interactions and organization of islet cells and examined the effects of different cellular compositions and organizations in mouse and human islets. A common feature of both species was that islet cells produced synchronous hormone pulses under low- and high-glucose conditions, while they produced asynchronous hormone pulses under normal glucose conditions. However, the synchronous coordination of insulin and glucagon pulses at low glucose was more pronounced in human islets that had more α cells. When β cells were selectively removed to mimic diabetic conditions, the anti-synchronicity of insulin and glucagon pulses was deteriorated at high glucose, but it could be partially recovered when the re-aggregation of remaining cells was considered. Finally, the third cell type, δ cells, which introduced additional complexity in the multicellular system, prevented the excessive synchronization of hormone pulses. Our computational study suggests that controllable synchronization is a design principle of pancreatic islets